Les principaux services proposés en cloud computing sont le SaaS (Software as a Service), le PaaS (Platform as a Service) et le IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) ou le MBaaS (Mobile Backend as a Service). En 2016, Microsoft a investi trois milliards de dollars en vue de doubler la puissance de calcul de ses nuages en Europe[35]. Cloud computing extended this boundary to cover all servers as well as the network infrastructure. This may result in temporary business suspension. On June 7, 2012, Oracle announced the Oracle Cloud. [77][need quotation to verify], Some integration and data management providers also use specialized applications of PaaS as delivery models for data. I know it's not easy as there's a lot of rubbish written about cloud computing, but this article really didn't seem like it was written in simple English to me. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, and deployed applications; and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls). [137] However, many large enterprises maintain at least two internet providers, using different entry points into their workplaces, some even use 4G as a third fallback. Depuis le printemps 2009, l’Open cloud manifesto réunit des éditeurs qui estiment que le cloud computing devrait être ouvert[23], contrairement à Microsoft et Google qui ne l'ont pas signé[24]. Before understanding the cloud, we need to understand its history and how data was managed in earlier days like in the 1960s. Les grandes entreprises du secteur informatique se sont massivement impliquées dans les activités liées au cloud computing, et proposent un éventail de services attenants, espace de stockage alloué, service de messagerie, outils collaboratifs, agilité, disponibilité, productions, RS, CRM, relation client. [95], Private cloud is cloud infrastructure operated solely for a single organization, whether managed internally or by a third party, and hosted either internally or externally. Un nuage privé est destiné exclusivement à une organisation qui peut le manipuler elle-même ou faire appel à des services fournis par des tiers[5]. 4 Chapter 2. Mainframes were large and high computing platforms. En anglais, on parlait alors de « the cloud ». AU - Choi, Jang Won. If the connection to the user is relatively close, it may be designated an edge server. Mais si la dématérialisation simplifie la technique, les à côtés se complexifient, que ce soit le côté légal, les garanties de niveaux de performance et de disponibilité ou SLA, la sécurité et, enfin, la réversibilité. [132], According to Bruce Schneier, "The downside is that you will have limited customization options. Cloud computing technologies have brought new attributes to the IT world. Ces aspects, et la volonté des sociétés de l'offre de toucher les grands comptes comme les PME impliquent une distribution indirecte dont le métier devra évoluer vers des activités plus liées à l'évaluation, au support, à l'accompagnement et au pilotage, tout en tenant compte des spécificités du client final. Younge : "Efficient resource management for cloud computing environments" Duy : "Performance evaluation of a green scheduling algorithm for energy savings in cloud computing" Wadwha : "Energy saving approaches for Green Cloud Computing: A review" : une … It is a multidisciplinary method encompassing contributions from diverse areas such as systems, software, web, performance, information technology engineering, security, platform, risk, and quality engineering. Un premier livre blanc datait de novembre 2011, dont certains de ces résultats sont cités dans l'édition 2012, Le livre blanc du cloud, du SaaS et des services Managés pour la distribution IT & Télécoms -. [citation needed], An alternative approach is to deploy a tool that processes in the cloud itself. [120] These applications consume considerable amount of computing power and memory and are traditionally executed on clusters of computers. Il le considère comme un concept publicitaire sans intérêt, rejoignant les critiques exprimées par Larry Ellison, fondateur d'Oracle, selon lequel il s'agit d'un phénomène de mode[56]. Certains analystes indiquent que 20 à 25 % d’économies pourraient être réalisées par les gouvernements sur leur budget informatique s’ils migraient vers le cloud computing[39]. Cloud providers often decide on the management policies, which moderates what the cloud users are able to do with their deployment. [35][36], In February 2010, Microsoft released Microsoft Azure, which was announced in October 2008. [8], The availability of high-capacity networks, low-cost computers and storage devices as well as the widespread adoption of hardware virtualization, service-oriented architecture and autonomic and utility computing has led to growth in cloud computing. To deploy their applications, cloud users install operating-system images and their application software on the cloud infrastructure. The computer utility could become the basis of a new and important industry. The OpenStack project intended to help organizations offering cloud-computing services running on standard hardware. [86] Examples of applications offered as SaaS are games and productivity software like Google Docs and Word Online. Les activités traditionnelles de la distribution informatique et télécoms seront revues avec un prisme cloud, avec comme pour toute émergence d'une nouvelle industrie, de nouveaux métiers, et l'évolution de métiers existants. Il ne nécessite plus de supports, comme les CD, ou de matériel, comme les consoles de jeux. [76], The NIST's definition of cloud computing defines Platform as a Service as:[72]. AU - Yu, Heonchang. IBM Cloud includes infrastructure as a service (IaaS), software as a service (SaaS) and platform as a service (PaaS) offered through public, private and hybrid cloud delivery models, in addition to the components that make up those clouds. It may also be free. [133] ", "Your infrastructure's in the cloud and the Internet goes down. Au début des années 2000 sont apparus des hébergeurs web capables d'héberger des applications dans leurs locaux informatiques. As described by La tâche n'est pas forcément facilitée par les modes de facturation proposés qui sont parfois peu « lisibles » et dépendent de plusieurs paramètres : l'utilisation des fonctions (volumétrie), le coût de production ou de mise à disposition, incluant les évolutions, le degré de complexité et, enfin, le tarif locatif du service. As this document is meant to provide guidance in understanding the categorization, evaluation, comparison, and selection of cloud services, it does not provide a prescriptive set of guidelines for the selection process. "What can OpenStack adopt from a Ganeti-based open-source IaaS?." The early code came from NASA's Nebula platform as well as from Rackspace's Cloud Files platform. [83] Load balancers distribute the work over the set of virtual machines. Si les particuliers ont peu de marge de manœuvre, les entreprises peuvent contractualiser les services de cloud computing qu'elles achètent. [72] Cloud bursting is an application deployment model in which an application runs in a private cloud or data center and "bursts" to a public cloud when the demand for computing capacity increases. { An evaluation of 6-15 cloud computing platforms based on relevant criteria { Migration of Wera to at least two cloud computing platforms { Recommendation for migration of Wera based on the conclusions of the evaluation and migrations 2.2 Method The following methods will be used: 3. [citation needed], In the mobile "backend" as a service (m) model, also known as backend as a service (BaaS), web app and mobile app developers are provided with a way to link their applications to cloud storage and cloud computing services with application programming interfaces (APIs) exposed to their applications and custom software development kits (SDKs). Linux containers run in isolated partitions of a single Linux kernel running directly on the physical hardware. In cloud computing, elasticity is defined as "the degree to which a system is able to adapt to workload changes by provisioning and de-provisioning resources in an autonomic manner, such that at each point in time the available resources match the current demand as closely as possible". D'autres services sont également disponibles : Les caractéristiques du cloud sont qualifiées par les anglophones sous le vocable elastic computing capacity. Because data from hundreds or thousands of companies can be stored on large cloud servers, hackers can theoretically gain control of huge stores of information through a single attack—a process he called "hyperjacking". The answer is Mainframes. Fundamentally, private cloud is seen as more secure with higher levels of control for the owner, however public cloud is seen to be more flexible and requires less time and money investment from the user. ), alors que dans le cloud computing, on ne contrôle pas les ordinateurs. [37], In July 2010, Rackspace Hosting and NASA jointly launched an open-source cloud-software initiative known as OpenStack. A restaurant with a limited menu is cheaper than a personal chef who can cook anything you want. Comme pour la virtualisation, l'informatique dans le nuage peut être aussi intéressante pour le client grâce à son évolutivité. [29], By mid-2008, Gartner saw an opportunity for cloud computing "to shape the relationship among consumers of IT services, those who use IT services and those who sell them"[30] and observed that "organizations are switching from company-owned hardware and software assets to per-use service-based models" so that the "projected shift to computing ... will result in dramatic growth in IT products in some areas and significant reductions in other areas. Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data storage (cloud storage) and computing power, without direct active management by the user. Every month, they pay only for what they used and nothing more. Moreover, it exposes custom interfaces for implementing policies and provisioning techniques for allocation of VMs under inter-networked Cloud computing scenarios. Co-Rapporteur Mme L.Bouallouche Professeur U.A/MiraBejaia. 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